Romans 9:4

Who are Israelites; to whom pertaineth the adoption, and the glory, and the covenants, and the giving of the law, and the service of God, and the promises;

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Word by word — the Greek

Word	Greek	Strong’s	Meaning
Who	οἵτινές oitines	G3748	which some · relative pronoun — nominative plural masculine
are	εἰσί eisí	G1526	they are
Israelites	Ἰσραηλῖται, Israēlitai	G2475	an "Israelite" · noun — nominative plural masculine, a people name
whom	ὧν hōn	G3739	the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun · relative pronoun — genitive plural masculine
adoption	υἱοθεσία huiothesia	G5206	the placing as a son · noun — nominative singular feminine
and	καὶ kai	G2532	and · conjunction
glory	δόξα doxa	G1391	glory (as very apparent) · noun — nominative singular feminine
and	καὶ kai	G2532	and · conjunction
covenants	διαθῆκαι diathēkai	G1242	properly · noun — nominative plural feminine
and	καὶ kai	G2532	and · conjunction
law	νομοθεσία nomothesia	G3548	legislation (specially · noun — nominative singular feminine
and	καὶ kai	G2532	and · conjunction
service	λατρεία latreia	G2999	ministration of God · noun — nominative singular feminine
and	καὶ kai	G2532	and · conjunction
promises	ἐπαγγελίαι, epangeliai	G1860	an announcement (for information · noun — nominative plural feminine

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).

Cross-references

Ephesians 2:12 That at that time ye were without Christ, being aliens from the commonwealth of Israel, and strangers from the covenants of promise, having…
Psalms 147:19 He sheweth his word unto Jacob, his statutes and his judgments unto Israel.
Genesis 17:2 And I will make my covenant between me and thee, and will multiply thee exceedingly.
Romans 9:6 Not as though the word of God hath taken none effect. For they are not all Israel, which are of Israel:
Deuteronomy 7:6 For thou art an holy people unto the LORD thy God: the LORD thy God hath chosen thee to be a special people unto himself, above all people t…
Acts 2:39 For the promise is unto you, and to your children, and to all that are afar off, even as many as the Lord our God shall call.
Exodus 4:22 And thou shalt say unto Pharaoh, Thus saith the LORD, Israel is my son, even my firstborn:
Hebrews 9:1 Then verily the first covenant had also ordinances of divine service, and a worldly sanctuary.

Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).

Commentary

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Romans 9:4

Who are Israelites--See Rom 11:1; Co2 11:22; Phi 3:5. to whom pertaineth--"whose is" the adoption--It is true that, compared with the new economy, the old was a state of minority and pupilage, and so far that of a bond-servant (Gal 4:1-3); yet, compared with the state of the surrounding heathen, the choice of Abraham and his seed was a real separation of them to be a Family of God (Exo 4:22; Deu 32:6; Isa 1:2; Jer 31:9; Hos 11:1; Mal 1:6). and the glory--that "glory of the Lord," or "visible token of the Divine Presence in the midst of them," which rested on the ark and filled the tabernacle during all their wanderings in the wilderness; which in Jerusalem continued to be seen in the t…

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Adam Clarke on Romans 9:4

Who are Israelites - Descendants of Jacob, a man so highly favored of God, and from whom he received his name Israel - a prince of God, Gen 32:28; from which name his descendants were called Israelites, and separated unto God for his glory and praise. Their very name of Israelites implied their very high dignity; they were a royal nation; princes of the most high God. The adoption - The Israelites were all taken into the family of God, and were called his sons and first-born, Exo 4:22; Deu 14:1; Jer 31:9; Hos 11:1; and this adoption took place when God made the covenant with them at Horeb. The glory - The manifestation of God among them; principally by the cloud and pillar, and the Shekinah,…

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John Gill on Romans 9:4

Who are Israelites,.... Which were their national name, as descended from Jacob, whose name was Israel; and it was accounted a very honourable one; see Philippians 3:5; and the very name they bore gave the apostle some concern that they should be cut off; and then he proceeds to enumerate the several distinguishing favours and privileges they had been partakers of: to whom pertaineth the adoption; not that special adoption, which springs from eternal predestination, is a blessing of the covenant of grace, comes through the redemption of Christ, and is received and enjoyed only by believers in him; for all that were Israelites, were not in this sense the children of God; but national adoptio…

The Church Fathers

"The sonship" belongs to the Jews, for of them it was said: "Israel, my firstborn son." They had the old law and the promise of the new law.
— Pelagius, PELAGIUS'S COMMENTARY ON ROMANS

For although the Jew withal be called "a son," and an "elder one," inasmuch as he had priority in adoption; although, too, he envy the Christian the reconciliation of God the Father,-a point which the opposite side most eagerly catches at,-still it will be no speech of a Jew to the Father: "Behold, in how many years do I serve Thee, and Thy precept have I never transgressed.
— Tertullian, On Modesty

"Whose," he says, "is the adoption of sons." For the sons of Israel were adopted by God at that time "when the Most High divided the nations, and scattered the sons of Adam according to the number of the angels of God, and the Lord's portion was Jacob, and Israel the cord of his inheritance." This, then, is the adoption of sons. "And the glory, and the covenants, and the giving of the law." Concerning the glory of the law that was given, it has often already been said, as the Apostle himself also says: "For if that which is being abolished is through glory," that is, the Old Testament, "much more is that which remains in glory," namely the preaching of the Gospel.
— Origen of Alexandria, COMMENTARY ON THE EPISTLE TO THE ROMANS

The Church Fathers: public-domain translations (Ante-Nicene and Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers), verse-indexed by SermonIndex (CC BY 4.0).

Dictionary and topics

Adoption — The giving to any one the name and place and privileges of a son who is not a son by birth. (1.) Natural. Thus Pharaoh’s daughter adopted Moses (Ex. 2:10), and Mordecai Esther (Esther 2:7). (2.)…
Baptism, Christian — An ordinance immediately instituted by Christ (Matt. 28:19, 20), and designed to be observed in the church, like that of the Supper, “till he come.” The words “baptize” and “baptism” are simply Greek…
Election of Grace — The Scripture speaks (1) of the election of individuals to office or to honour and privilege, e.g., Abraham, Jacob, Saul, David, Solomon, were all chosen by God for the positions they held; so also…
Shechinah — A Chaldee word meaning resting-place, not found in Scripture, but used by the later Jews to designate the visible symbol of God’s presence in the tabernacle, and afterwards in Solomon’s temple. When…
Adoption · Typified: Israel — Typified: Israel
Church Of Israel · All Israelites members of — All Israelites members of
Jews, The · Their national privileges — Their national privileges
Promises Of God, The · Made to: The Israelites — Made to: The Israelites

Dictionary: Easton's (1897) and Smith's (1863), public domain. Topics: Nave's Topical Bible (1896) and Torrey's Topical Textbook (1897), public domain. Both as parsed by NEUU (CC BY 4.0).

Romans 9:4

Word by word — the Greek

Cross-references

Commentary

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Romans 9:4

Adam Clarke on Romans 9:4

John Gill on Romans 9:4

The Church Fathers

Dictionary and topics

Romans 9:4

Word by word — the Greek

Cross-references

Commentary

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Romans 9:4

Adam Clarke on Romans 9:4

John Gill on Romans 9:4

The Church Fathers

Dictionary and topics

John Calvin on Romans 9:1-5

Tyndale Open Study Notes on Romans 9:4