Romans 9:5

Whose are the fathers, and of whom as concerning the flesh Christ came, who is over all, God blessed for ever. Amen.

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Word by word — the Greek

Word	Greek	Strong’s	Meaning
Whose	ὧν hōn	G3739	the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun · relative pronoun — genitive plural masculine
fathers	πατέρες pateres	G3962	a "father" (literally or figuratively · noun — nominative plural masculine
and	καὶ kai	G2532	and · conjunction
of	ἐξ ex	G1537	literal or figurative · preposition
whom	ὧν hōn	G3739	the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun · relative pronoun — genitive plural masculine
concerning	κατὰ kata	G2596	(prepositionally) down (in place or time) · preposition
flesh	σάρκα, sarka	G4561	flesh (as stripped of the skin) · noun — accusative singular feminine
Christ	Χριστὸς Christos	G5547	anointed · noun — nominative singular masculine, a title
is	ὤν ṓn	G5607	being
over	ἐπὶ epi	G1909	properly · preposition
all	πάντων pantōn	G3956	all · adjective — genitive plural neuter
God	θεὸς theos	G2316	figuratively · noun — nominative singular masculine, a title
blessed	εὐλογητὸς eulogētos	G2128	adorable · adjective — nominative singular masculine
for	εἰς eis	G1519	to or into (indicating the point reached or entered) · preposition
ever	αἰῶνας, aiōnas	G165	properly · noun — accusative plural masculine
Amen	ἀμήν.¶ amēn	G281	properly · interjection — Hebrew

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).

Cross-references

John 10:30 I and my Father are one.
John 1:1-3 In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.
Colossians 1:16-19 For by him were all things created, that are in heaven, and that are in earth, visible and invisible, whether they be thrones, or dominions,…
Romans 1:25 Who changed the truth of God into a lie, and worshipped and served the creature more than the Creator, who is blessed for ever. Amen.
1 John 5:20 And we know that the Son of God is come, and hath given us an understanding, that we may know him that is true, and we are in him that is tr…
Romans 1:3 Concerning his Son Jesus Christ our Lord, which was made of the seed of David according to the flesh;
Philippians 2:6-11 Who, being in the form of God, thought it not robbery to be equal with God:
1 Timothy 3:16 And without controversy great is the mystery of godliness: God was manifest in the flesh, justified in the Spirit, seen of angels, preached…

Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).

Commentary

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Romans 9:5

Whose are the fathers--here, probably, the three great fathers of the covenant--Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob--by whom God condescended to name Himself (Exo 8:6, Exo 8:13; Luk 20:37). and--most exalted privilege of all, and as such, reserved to the last. of whom as concerning the flesh--(See on Rom 1:3). Christ came--or, "is Christ" who is over all, God--rather, "God over all." blessed for ever. Amen--To get rid of the bright testimony here borne to the supreme divinity of Christ, various expedients have been adopted: (1) To place a period, either after the words "concerning the flesh Christ came," rendering the next clause as a doxology to the Father--"God who is over all be blessed f…

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Adam Clarke on Romans 9:5

Whose are the fathers - Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, the twelve patriarchs, Moses, Joshua, Samuel, David, etc., etc., without controversy, the greatest and most eminent men that ever flourished under heaven. From these, is an uninterrupted and unpolluted line, the Jewish people had descended; and it was no small glory to be able to reckon, in their genealogy, persons of such incomparable merit and excellency. And of whom, as concerning the flesh Christ came - These ancestors were the more renowned, as being the progenitors of the human nature of the Messiah. Christ, the Messiah, κατα σαρκα, according to the flesh, sprang from them. But this Messiah was more than man, he is God over all; th…

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John Gill on Romans 9:5

Whose are the fathers,.... Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; for, according to the (a) Jewish writers, "they call none in Israel "fathers", but three, and they are Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; and they call none "mothers" but four, and they are, Sarah, Rebecca, Rachel, and Leah:'' their descent from these fathers was a privilege, though they valued themselves too highly upon it; but what was the crown and glory of all, and which they took the least, though the apostle took the most notice of, is, and of whom, as concerning the flesh, Christ came; that is, either of the fathers, or of the Israelites, from whom Christ, according to his human nature, sprung; being a son of Abraham, of the tribe of J…

The Church Fathers

The patriarchs are Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. Paul writes here against the Manicheans, Photinus and Arius because Christ is of the Jews according to the flesh, and God, blessed forever.
— Pelagius, PELAGIUS'S COMMENTARY ON ROMANS

We keep festival, not according to the vain customs of the Greek mythology; we keep a feast which brings with it no ridiculous or frenzied banqueting of the gods, but which teaches us the wondrous condescension to us men of the awful glory of Him who is God over all.
— Methodius of Olympus, Methodius Oration Concerning Simeon and Anna

God chose Israel for himself from the beginning, which is why he called it the firstborn. But the Israelites fell because they were proud, wicked and, worst of all, murderers of their Lord. Therefore they perished, for they were rejected and abandoned and excluded from God's company, placed behind even the Gentiles and cut off from the hope promised to their ancestors.
— Cyril of Alexandria, EXPLANATION OF THE LETTER TO THE ROMANS

The Church Fathers: public-domain translations (Ante-Nicene and Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers), verse-indexed by SermonIndex (CC BY 4.0).

Dictionary and topics

Amen — This Hebrew word means firm, and hence also faithful (Rev. 3:14). In Isa. 65:16, the Authorized Version has “the God of truth,” which in Hebrew is “the God of Amen.” It is frequently used by our…
Christ Is God · As God over all — As God over all
Jews, The · Their national privileges — Their national privileges
Titles And Names Of Christ · God blessed for ever — God blessed for ever

Dictionary: Easton's (1897) and Smith's (1863), public domain. Topics: Nave's Topical Bible (1896) and Torrey's Topical Textbook (1897), public domain. Both as parsed by NEUU (CC BY 4.0).

Romans 9:5

Word by word — the Greek

Cross-references

Commentary

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Romans 9:5

Adam Clarke on Romans 9:5

John Gill on Romans 9:5

The Church Fathers

Dictionary and topics

Romans 9:5

Word by word — the Greek

Cross-references

Commentary

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Romans 9:5

Adam Clarke on Romans 9:5

John Gill on Romans 9:5

The Church Fathers

Dictionary and topics

John Calvin on Romans 9:1-5

Tyndale Open Study Notes on Romans 9:5