Ecclesiastes 9:12 — meaning, Hebrew and Greek word study, commentary
Ecclesiastes 9:12
For man also knoweth not his time: as the fishes that are taken in an evil net, and as the birds that are caught in the snare; so are the sons of men snared in an evil time, when it falleth suddenly upon them.
ruddy i.e. a human being (an individual or the species · definite article + noun, common masculine singular absolute
knoweth
יֵדַ֨עye.Da'
H3045
to know (properly · verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular
time
עִתּ֗וֹi.To
H6256
time · noun, common both genders singular construct + pronominal suffix, 3rd person masculine singular
fishes
כַּדָּגִים֙ka.da.Gim
H1709
a fish (often used collectively) · preposition with the article + noun, common masculine plural absolute
taken
שֶׁנֶּֽאֱחָזִים֙she.ne.'e.cha.Zim
H270
to seize (often with the accessory idea of holding in p… · relative particle + verb, niphal active participle, masculine plural absolute
evil
רָעָ֔הra.'Ah
H7451
bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral) · adjective, feminine singular absolute
net
בִּמְצוֹדָ֣הbim.tzo.Dah
H4685
a net (for capturing animals or fishes) · preposition + noun, common feminine singular absolute
birds
וְכַ֨צִּפֳּרִ֔יםve.Khatz.tzi.po.Rim
H6833
a little bird (as hopping) · conjunction + preposition with the article + noun, common both genders plural absolute
caught
הָאֲחֻז֖וֹתha.'a.chu.Zot
H270
to seize (often with the accessory idea of holding in p… · definite article + verb, qal passive participle, feminine plural absolute
snare
בַּפָּ֑חba.Pach
H6341
a (metallic) sheet (as pounded thin) · preposition with the article + noun, common masculine singular absolute
so
הֵםhêm
H1992
they (only used when emphatic)
sons
בְּנֵ֣יbe.Nei
H1121
a son (as a builder of the family name) · noun, common masculine plural construct
men
הָֽאָדָ֔םha.'a.Dam
H120
ruddy i.e. a human being (an individual or the species · definite article + noun, common masculine singular absolute
snared
יֽוּקָשִׁים֙yu.ka.Shim
H3369
to ensnare (literally or figuratively) · verb, qal passive participle, masculine plural absolute
evil
רָעָ֔הra.'Ah
H7451
bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral) · noun, common feminine singular absolute
time
לְעֵ֣תle.'Et
H6256
time · preposition + noun, common both genders singular construct
falleth
כְּשֶׁתִּפּ֥וֹלke.shet.ti.Pol
H5307
to fall · preposition + relative particle + verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular
suddenly
פִּתְאֹֽםpit.'Om
H6597
instantly · adverb
Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).
Cross-references
1 Thessalonians 5:3 For when they shall say, Peace and safety; then sudden destruction cometh upon them, as travail upon a woman with child; and they shall not…
Luke 21:34-36 And take heed to yourselves, lest at any time your hearts be overcharged with surfeiting, and drunkenness, and cares of this life, and so th…
Proverbs 6:15 Therefore shall his calamity come suddenly; suddenly shall he be broken without remedy.
Job 18:8-10 For he is cast into a net by his own feet, and he walketh upon a snare.
Psalms 73:18-20 Surely thou didst set them in slippery places: thou castedst them down into destruction.
Proverbs 29:6 In the transgression of an evil man there is a snare: but the righteous doth sing and rejoice.
Ecclesiastes 8:5-7 Whoso keepeth the commandment shall feel no evil thing: and a wise man’s heart discerneth both time and judgment.
Luke 12:20 But God said unto him, Thou fool, this night thy soul shall be required of thee: then whose shall those things be, which thou hast provided?
Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).
Commentary
Matthew Henry on Ecclesiastes 9:11-12
The preacher here, for a further proof of the vanity of the world, and to convince us that all our works are in the hand of God, and not in our own hand, shows the uncertainty and contingency of future events, and how often they contradict the prospects we have of them. He had exhorted us (Ecc 9:10) to do what we have to do with all our might; but here he reminds us that, when we have done all, we must leave the issue with God, and not be confident of the success.
I. We are often disappointed of the good we had great hopes of, Ecc 9:11. Solomon had himself made the observation, and so has many a one since, that events, both in public and private affairs, do not always agree even with the mos…
his time--namely, of death (Ecc 7:15; Isa 13:22). Hence the danger of delay in doing the work of God, as one knows not when his opportunity will end (Ecc 9:10).
evil net--fatal to them. The unexpected suddenness of the capture is the point of comparison. So the second coming of Jesus Christ, "as a snare" (Luk 21:35).
evil time--as an "evil net," fatal to them.
John Gill on Ecclesiastes 9:12
For man also knoweth not his time,.... Though it is fixed and settled by the Lord, yet times and seasons are kept in his own power, and not known by men; not the time of his death, nor of any calamity and distress coming upon him, nor the proper season and opportunity of doing himself good, and avoiding evil;
as the fishes that are taken in an evil net, and as the birds that are caught in the snare; as fishes are suddenly taken in a net, unhappy for them, which is at once east over them, while they are sporting and playing in the water, and catching at the bait; and as birds, being decoyed, are unawares taken in a snare; that is, both of them know not the time of their being caught;
so are…
Many can know chronological time. Everybody, for example, knows that noon is the time for healthy people to eat lunch. The time, however, which is determined by physicians, is not known to everyone but only to the physician. And since there is only one physician for the soul, to whom we say, "O Lord, be gracious to me; heal me, for I have sinned against you," only this physician knows our time. But the individual does not know his time. The inhabitants of Tyre, for example, who would have been ready to repent if the supernatural miracles had occurred among them—they did not know the time.
" For man does not even know his time, like fish caught in a fatal net, like birds seized in a snare, so are men caught in the moment of disaster when it falls upon them suddenly. "I have already said above, that while men are yet unknowing, either disaster or death befalls them. More precisely we should look at this as allegory, that the realm of the sky is similar to a net cast into the sea; and on the other hand heretics have nets, in which they capture fish, leading to their death. Their net though is affable language, flattering speeches, feigned or forced fasting, poor clothes, and an imitation of virtues. And if they begin to argue about the divine and raise their face to the heavens to seek the heights of God, then they cast a noose into the heavenly abodes. So just as fish and birds are seized of a sudden by such a net, and by such a noose, so wickedness is increased many times and the kindness of many fails; and the signs and portents are seen in such a way as to entice even the chosen of God if possible. See too those men of the Church, who are called the children of men, and are of modest faith, and who can be overcome quickly. Note too, that the term "sons of men" is used throughout the whole book, and the Hebrew has "sons of man", this is 'the sons of Adam'. And almost all scripture is filled with this idiom that sees the sons of Adam as the sons of all men.
Now as these things are written in the Scriptures, the case is clear, that the saints know that a certain time is measured to every person, but that no one knows the end of that time is plainly intimated by the words of David, "Declare unto me the shortness of my days." What he did not know, that he desired to be informed of. Accordingly the rich man also, while he thought that he had yet a long time to live, heard the words, "You fool, this night your soul shall be required of you: then whose shall those things be which you have provided?" And the Preacher speaks confidently in the Holy Spirit, and says, "Man also knows not his time." Wherefore the patriarch Isaac said to his son Esau, "Behold, I am old, and I know not the day of my death." Our Lord, therefore, although as God and the Word of the Father, both knew the time measured out by him to all and was conscious of the time for suffering, which he himself had appointed also to his own body. Yet since he was made man for our sakes, he hid himself when he was sought after before that time came, as we do; when he was persecuted, he fled; and avoiding the designs of his enemies he passed by, and "so went through the midst of them." But when he had brought on that time which he himself had appointed, at which he desired to suffer in the body for all men, he announces it to the Father, saying, "Father, the hour is come; glorify thy Son." And then he no longer hid himself from those who sought him but stood willing to be taken by them; for the Scripture says, he said to them that came unto him, "Whom do you seek?" And when they answered, "Jesus of Nazareth," he said unto them, "I am he whom you seek."
Dictionary and topics
Fowler — The arts of, referred to Ps. 91:3; 124:7; Prov. 6:5; Jer. 5:26; Hos. 9:8; Ezek. 17:20; Eccl. 9:12. Birds of all kinds abound in Palestine, and the capture of these for the table and for other uses…
Net — In use among the Hebrews for fishing, hunting, and fowling. The fishing-net was probably constructed after the form of that used by the Egyptians (Isa. 19:8). There were three kinds of nets. (1.) The…
Birds · Illustrative: (Snaring,) of death — Illustrative: (Snaring,) of death
Fish · .With nets — .With nets
Fishes · Illustrative: Of men ignorant of future events — Illustrative: Of men ignorant of future events
Gentiles · PROPHECIES OF THE CONVERSION OF — PROPHECIES OF THE CONVERSION OF
Ignorance · General scriptures concerning — General scriptures concerning
Net · FIGURATIVE — FIGURATIVE
Time · Particular periods of, mentioned: The evil time — Particular periods of, mentioned: The evil time
Dictionary: Easton's (1897) and Smith's (1863), public domain. Topics: Nave's Topical Bible (1896) and Torrey's Topical Textbook (1897), public domain. Both as parsed by NEUU (CC BY 4.0).
"For man also knoweth not his time: like the fishes which are caught in an evil net, and like the birds which are caught in the snare - like them are the sons of men snared in an evil time, when it suddenly breaks in upon them." The particles גּם כּי are here not so clearly connected as at Ecc 8:12; Ecc 4:14, where, more correctly, the pointing should be גּם כּי (ki with the conjunct. accent); ki rules the sentence; and gam, as to its meaning, belongs to etḣ'itto. The particular has its reason from the general: man is not master of his own time, his own person, and his own life, and thus not of the fruits of his capabilities and his actions, in spite of the previously favourable conditions…
decided by chance: We cannot control the outcome (cp. 7:13).
Rashi on Ecclesiastes 9:12
As fish that are caught in a weak net. Like large fish that are caught in an inferior and weak net, and our Rabbis explained: This is a fishhook, which is no more than a type of needle, by which a large fish is caught.
Like them, [men] are snared. With a small and weak trap, like the weak net and the snare. People stumble at the time of the visitation of their evil, when their time comes for evil to fall upon them suddenly, in an inferior trap, malweise in O.F.
Like them. Like them.